Concepts of Learning

gibe to George Kimball, acquire Is the result of a reinforced pr manageice which results in a multifariousness in fashion. However, training may non needs demonstrate itself in a diverseness in sort, still make the acquisition of knowledge. In some other words, after larn, the various(prenominal) will sop up new knowledge or be cap competent of doing something they would not subscribe to been able to do otherwise (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013). For example, when a child Is being mess trained, he learns how to use the toilet his behavior will change from use a diaper to using the toilet o relieve himself.To advertise explain the concept of erudition, we will look at the role of behavior in relation to acquisition, authorized and operative conditioning, and the relationship between learning and cognition (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013). Role of Behavior In Relation to Learning According to Similes deflation of learning, thither argon several ways In which learning privy only be inferred from an observable modification in behavior. In other words, learning must be translated into observable behavior (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013).However, a change in behavior may not be observable immediately, that is, there may e a potential to act differently lace later time. Lastly, according to Kimball, learning in the form of acquaintance or practice, which must be reinforced, will result in a change in behavior (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013). With the exception of B. F. Skinner, most learning theorists agree that the learning process can only be assumed from modifications in behavior. However, not all changes in behavior are the result of learning. whatever changes in behavior could be the result of a temporary state, such as illness, fatigue, or drug use (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013). Some behaviors do not need to be learned, such as breathing or sweating. These behaviors are called homeostasis mechanisms. Their purpose Is to work a physiological stability. Humans a re also born with reflexes. These reflexes, along with homeostasis, are necessary for survival. Learning Is often Identified through a relatively permanent change in behavior (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013).Types of Learning on that point are two primary types of learning In terms of a procedures that can modify behavior upright controlling and operant conditioning. unspotted conditioning was runner developed by Ivan Pavlov when he accidental spy that his dogs had earned to associate the sound of a bell with dinner time, which ca utilize the dogs to salivate (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013). There are two requirements to incorrupt conditioning. There must first be a natural reaction to an existing stimulus, such as an event or object. Next, the unconditioned stimulus that elicits a natural chemical reaction Is paired with a new or neutral stimulus.The result Is that the erst neutral my mom believes that giving her dog a high tail fin before leaving the house makes her lucky because sh e won a dyad of times at the casino after doing so. This prestigious behavior is a common example of classical conditioning in everyday behavior (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013). The second form of conditioning is operant conditioning, sometimes called instrumental conditioning. operant conditioning is a term first developed by B. F. Skinner, who used an apparatus he called the Skinner Box. The Skinner box was used to introduced a reinforce to condition a desired response (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013).Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning in that the being must act in a specific way before it is reinforced in other words, enforcement is reliant on the organisms behavior. With classical conditioning, the reaction is considered to be involuntary (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013). The most historic aspect of operant conditioning is that a reinforce is used to establish a behavior. There are four different types of reinforces positive reinforcement, ostracise reinforcement, pos itive punishment, and prejudicial punishment (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013).Positive reinforcement is the addition of something agreeable or pleasant to strengthen a behavior. For example, giving the dog a distribute after performing the trick properly. Negative reinforcement is the amoeba of something negative or unpleasant from the situation to strengthen the behavior. For example, when the students are well-behaved the teacher removes the essay question from the test (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013). Now, positive punishment is the addition of something the organism views as unpleasant to decrease or weaken a behavior.For example, when the students are misbehaving, the teacher adds an essay question to the test. Lastly, negative punishment is the removal of something pleasant from the situation to weaken the behavior. When a child is misbehaving, taking away his or her favorite toy (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013). Relationship Between Learning and learning Cognition and learning are closel y associated and are codependent on one another. Without cognitive processes, learning cannot exist. The cognitive processes consist of thinking, remembering, knowing, and problem-solving.Other cognitive processes involve storing, receiving, processing, and using information learned by the individual (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013). Learning is the manner in which an individual gains knowledge or skills through experience and practice, which causes a change in behavior. Learning requires the use of many cognitive processes. Cognition is classically thinking, but not everything a soulfulness thinks close to will be stored in their long-term memory for later use. In order to learn, a person must store the new knowledge into their long-term memory, usually done through repetition (Olson &038 Hermann, 2013).How memory processes information varies on an individual basis. Some people are able to recall information after rightful(prenominal) one experience, others need to repetition or pract ice to be able to recall the same information (Olson &038 wants to keep for retrieval at a later time. For example, when I was a child I watched a dinosaur photographic film for the first time, and did to have the knowledge to pick up the monsters. Once my mother determine the monsters as dinosaurs to me I now had the cognitive experience of dinosaur. I love the movie and the idea of dinosaurs so much that over the next fewer months I read as much as I could about dinosaurs. Through reading and looking at pictures, I gained the ability to identify many different species of dinosaurs. Eventually, I became able to identify other reptile animals of various sizes. Conclusion In summary, learning is the product of practice and experience that has been reinforced which results in a behavior modification. On the other hand, learning does not always reveal itself in a change in behavior, but through the procurement of knowledge.However, most learning theorists believe that the learning process can only be presumed from a change in behavior. A relatively permanent change in behavior is a good indicator if learning has taken place. Classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Are two primary types of learning in terms of a processes that can modify behavior. The difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning is that in operant conditioning is that the organism must act in a specific ay before it is reinforced in classical conditioning reinforcement is reliant on the organisms behavior.Learning and cognition have a close relationship and are codependent on one another. Without cognitive processes, learning cannot exist. In this paper, we looked at the concept of learning, we looked at the role of behavior in relation to learning, classical and operant conditioning, and the relationship between learning and cognition. References Olson, M. H. &038 Hermann, B. R. (2013). An foundation to theories of learning (9th deed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson.