Augustus: Establishment of the Principate

Establishment of the Principate pamphlet 1 Impact of the finale of Caesar Government of capital of Italy, under the commonwealth ?Senate governed capital of Italy ?Corsus Honorum- political ladder of offices Consul Praetor Political offices voted for by public Aedile Quaestor forces services- 10 years Impact on Octavian Treated him like a son, groomed him as heir, military experience Danger to O later death, assassinated for his dictatorial behaviour When he found out, he didnt go to Rome straight away (danger) wen to Italy In will, O had been named heir A. H. M jones- no danger to Oct only wanted to dislodge Rome of Caesar Return to Rome for heritage Reinforced position by raising two legions (5000 each)- veterans of retired Caesar, loyalty and closeness. Needs to match to C and memorialise why C make him heir (prove himself) We dont whop how he was feeling, but though that a furious hatred for the murderers of his good great uncle. When he was heir must have a respons ibility of vengeance Felt robbed of the hopes of a career under C bear As Caesars son he commanded support from soldiers and veterans Frosty reaction from Antony, who denied access to C fortune. O borrowed money to pay off C bequest to the Roman people and celebrate games increase issue. Filial godliness = loyalty to father, family and ancestors The games coinage with image of comet which confirms Caesars divine status do Oct divus filius son of god Impact on Rome Upset, C was pop by Rome Initially calm, C assassins expected normal regime to resume. Antony and Marcus Lepidus keeped untouched Assassins perceived him as dictator and threat to republic.After Rome was displace into turmoil for murdered, who had no future plans and though death would premise to restorations of the republic David Shotter- meant little more than the nobility would be free to resume their self- pampering(prenominal) lifestyle Left a power vacuum in Rome Political support- situation was unstable one side there were the supporters of the conspirators against Caesar, on the other side there were Caesars men (M+A) who had the people and the majority of the tribunes behind them. The question remained- what was to be done about murderers of Julius Caesar? Early career of Octavian Gaius Octavian was born on the 24th September 63BC into a wealthy and consider family Mother Atia, niece of Julius Caesar She later married th aristocratic L. Marcius Philippus who proved to be a good step father to Oct providing the young boy with a solid if rather old-fashioned education When 11 he gave a speech at his grandmothers, Julia, funeral Caesar was impressed with the boys abilities had him elect to the college of pontiffs and allowed him to take part in his African triumph when Oct was only 16 He was a dedicated boy who suffered bouts of illness throughout his life. nausea prevented him from going to Spain in 46, accompanying Caesar Although he soon followed even though still not feelin g well Caesar was impressed and was from then make his will in favour of Oct In preparation of his planning for the oppose against the Parthians, Caesar appointed Oct to his staff and sent him to Macedonia to complete his education and also assemble military training O took with him a friend, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, who until his death in 12BC was to remain Os loyal friend and supporter Oct attempts to secure is inheritance Didnt know that he was heir until returning from Italy Parents suggested that he shouldnt accept but he not only accepted, but changed hi name to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus He now had to aims Avenge his fathers death Prove himself worthy of such a father As he moved around Italy, C veterans and friends welcomed him he would have to be chary to meet his ends Cicero did not trust him, he wrote in a earn to Atticus there are too many around him.They exist death to our friends and call the present state of affairs intolerable O received a cold and hostil e welcome from his fathers friend Marc Antony when he arrived Antony blocked O attempt to have his acceptation legalised and would not hand over Caesars money Oct borrowed money in order to honour fathers legacy gained him pop. and has games at his knowledge expense Antony probably didnt perceive O as a serious political rival Jones Octavians temporary collaboration with the Republicans cardinal broad categories republicans and CaesariansRepublicans Brutus and Cassius left for the due east to raise troops, Cicero returned to R to lead the senate against Antony Caesarians Antony fixed a siege to Brutus at Mutina, Oc rebuffed by Antony, appealed to Caesars veterans and seduced 2 of Antonys legions 43BC Cicero distinct to use Oct for a republican cause in doing so speaks favourably of him Raising an army like O did was illegal, however Cicero decided to look past this Oct number one consulship Defeated A in frog he was now an enemy (with republicans) Senate tried to disca rd Oct O established that now the republicans were in command, his fathers murderers that he would have to take vengeance He was consulship so that allowed him to gain leading position of the Caesarion party Senate and Cicero continued to dissent O demands used 400 centurions to march to anuran and demand that their commanding officer be given the consulship When this was resisted, O marched with Romes legions He was take in 43BC with his cousin Quintus Pedius they revoked the decree outlawing Antony and legalised the adoption Oct had achieved his immediate objectives Now be after to meet B+C in battle The Second Triumvirate Members Antony, Lepidus, Octavian tailfin years- length of appointment Purpose of alliance to set the state in order and to attack the republican armies of B+C in the east Power of T Absolute- pwers of a dictator without the name The right to shit all magistrates in advance Territory controlled A- Transalpine &038 Cisalpine Gaul, L-Narbonese Gaul &038 S pain, O- Africa, Sicily &038 Sardinia First task undertaken campaign of proscription ?Purpose? Confiscate estates in order to have money and land for the troops ? Destroy their enemies ?Results? ? cobblers last of 300 senators ?Inc. death of Cicero ?Escape republicans Further activities Julius Caesar fully deified, Lepidus appointed consul for 42, preparations made for A+O to face B+C in Macedonia elegant War action of Philippi, 42BC After proscriptions, a campaign made to avenge murder The Caesarion faction finally completes the avenging of the murder of Caesar Faction found itself in control of 60 legions Path to Civil War At first it seemed that A to control of the east. = rich in resources O received Italy (heart of the empire) Sextus base in Sicily Interfered with the trading in Italy grain supplies and resort hotel for opponents of the the T. Defeted Lucius Antonius, 41BC and Sextus Pompeius, 36BC Make an caseful of his control Argued that A was succumbing in relationsh ip with his mistress Cleopatra Republicans taken refuge with S, allowed them to return to Italy Showed the Roman virtues(merciful) Claimed credit for their rehabilitation Events provided material for O propaganda Undesirability of the union- A and chief victim was A wife and Os sister, Octavia Shotter says that Os marriage to Livia Drusilla was one of the most important decisions of his life Oct, attraction of Caesarion faction was now the Champion of the republicans The west were being prepared for a war that was not portrayed as the civil war Battle of Actium- Consequences and Significance Significance -O was now supreme ruler of the Roman ground -Egypt added to a new province of the Roman Empire Wealth was added -Victories lead the civil wars to a decisive end -29BC O closed the doors of the tabernacle of Janus in Rome new era of repose was brought to the empire seed 1- coin Proclaiming E has been taken Croc means that -Creation of financial stability -No bridal of exceptio nal honurs or powers -Use of propaganda to promote a new era of peace -No vengeance in the form of proscriptions exacted against enemies -Emphasis on interest in traditionalistic and conservative activities -Provision of diversions and employment for the people