Pronoun

Read in your textbook or in any other available resource on the topic of Verb BE. 3. Write a personal ad describing yourself, activities you do, hobbies, where you work, where do you live, etc. Focus on two or three questions available in Appendix A to write your ad. 4. Bring the ad to class. Prep-04-26-04 Carmen L. Lambda, De-D. 7 program O'Hara 5. Carry out some research on someone famous. Think of a person you would like to interview and do some research on the Internet on that person. It could be an athlete, and actress or actor, or the president. Make sure you have enough information on this person. Activities 1. Ice breaker activity will be carried out.In order to do this, have students read their ads. Ask students to listen to the ads and have them jot down any similarity or striking fact they would like to hear more about. After everyone reads their ad, have students get up and go about the room and ask each other about specific details they thought were interesting. Let them converse among themselves. . After that, have students talk about something they found out or thought interesting about the people they talked to. Facilitator can participate in this activity. 3. Facilitator provides an overview of the course. Particular emphasis should be placed on objectives, evaluation criteria, student participation, and group work.If any changes are made to the grading evaluation criteria, these should be given in writing to the student and the office program during the first workshop. 4. Discuss evaluation criteria. 5. Select Student Representative. 6. Tell students they are going to review the alphabet and most of all review alphabetical order. Tell them you are going to give each student a card. Each card has the name of a different animal, or thing. Ask students to look at their card, but tell no one what they have. By acting (walking, acting, or making sounds) like the animal or thing they should go around the room and try to place themselves in correct a lphabetical order.Facilitator should create his/ her own list of things and animals, but these are some examples: a. Kangaroo b. Ostrich c. Tiger d. Bear 8 e. Clock f. Snake g. Bird h. Train 7. Provide students with about 10 minutes to try to sort themselves alphabetically. Once students are sorted, have them read out their card. Did they get it right? Be sure to review any alphabetizing questions they may have. 8. Present students with a review of the VERB BE in present tense. Am am from Mexico City (l am) What's your name? (What is) My name is Maria Where are you from? 9. Have students pair up. Ask students to interview each other, making sure each student gets the name, phone number and address of the person he/ she is interviewing. 10.Have students introduce the person by providing the details requested (phone number, name, and address). Have them use the phrases: This is (name). His/Her address is His/Her phone number . 11. As students say the information help them and guide th em to say the addresses and phone numbers correctly concentrating on the numbers and on using the verb be correctly. 12. Have students again pair up. Facilitator should try pairing them up with someone different each time. Ask them to decide on a famous person they would like to interview. This famous person could be an athlete, actor, actress, or president. Use the research you carried out prior to the workshop. 13. Write up an interview for that famous person.Have One of the students portray the famous person and have the other person be the interviewer. Practice your interview and present the role play to the class. Be sure to use verb be correctly. 9 14. Have students complete the assignment presented in Appendix B. Students should hand in during the next workshop (Workshop 2). (HINT: Make copies of the assignment and hand in once you complete it. 15. Offer a preview of Workshop 2 and discuss upcoming homework. In order for students to complete the homework, ask them to work in groups. Make sure the composition of the group has been decided before they leave the classroom. Ask them to provide you with a list with the group members. Groups should not have more than four students.

The Amazing World Of Laughter and its Super Healing Power

The most wonderful gift that I’ve ever known in my life and from this Book of The amazing world of laughter & its super healing power is the gift of laugh, one of the greatest blessings of the Lord. In my readings, this gift if so special, because it gives us all the opportunities to overcome our weaknesses. It’s like when we are so down and when we are being neglected, we must know how to conquer it. We should try laughing, time over time. I am sure that, when we laugh without reasons, even though we look like an addict, we will be amaze by our actions so please!Don’t care what the people say. Especially when we are in a self-pity mode, we must know ourselves to be better be aware of what is new and what is need to be learned, because the effort is for us to take initial steps. Granting ourselves with happiness is the greatest gift that we can give to ourselves, because even if we have many moneys but we are not happy all those treasures will be burn into ashes, so be practical. Be wise, turn-on yourself into a version 2. 0 or push yourself into the next level. Be vigilant, fight this deceases of being lonely.May this term paper be filled with so much laughter and a Remnant of humorous topics, I hope you enjoy and find it interesting. So be ready fuel up your engine, because you’re ready to face a new battle. Gear up with your shining armor as you fight this enemy, Learn how to cope the enemy of laughter which is the loneliness. Best of Laughter, Kim Jasty S. Yanong Exposition (Body of the Review) As I review the book of the amazing world of laughter and its super healing power, I was in so much joy and happiness that I was one of all the people in this world to know the true meaning of Laughter.It has so many benefits, so many. That when we laugh and laugh we can almost forgot our problems. I was enlightened by the paragraphs and sentences; it gives me so much perseverance. I conclude from this book that being happy and gay is one of the reasons why, is the humans are healthy. It is such a very wonderful book to read. It is so FUN! we readers can learn more, beyond our wildest dreams and imaginations. I can also compile new ideas, and can use it for a better understanding.This book teaches me how to bear pains and trials without complain, this is a pabular to my soul. It can lead me to a pacificatory life. May this book abound more readers to find pleasure and have a great knowledge, wisdom and more power. Reviewing this book is so accommodating, because, this is so acquiescent from what I had written in my insights. It also helps me to admire myself that I can do more, that I can accomplish my desired goals and the way and how to act like a futuristic person.Initializing this book, can make me a valuable person that I have a role why on earth I lived in this astonishing planet, because I have a purpose driven life. I solemnly believe that each person has a different talent that we can contribute, to each oth er and to our Heavenly Father. As what I have encountered I was boosted with so much blissfulness, and I can feel it in my nerves. The alignment of our muscles, that if you practice laughing 10 minutes a day, you can’t stress yourself.If I recite all the warm fuzzy happenings in my life that I can connect to this book, I can guarantee you that I am sure that many and a lot of situations of stories of my life that I can type in a thousand pages of paper. In order for me to achieve, what I am now that’s because the things that I have learned in my past and it make me smile. Just like the testimonies of truths about the amazing world of laughter and its super healing power, in this book, people who wrote their histories was being done with other people as well, showing that a person is entitled to credit or has a right to express their experiences.We can all manage our life, our belongings and our precious loved ones. It has a lot of emotions and so many meanings that the author was filled with so much joy, that’s why she wrote this book like this. She handled it with care, from making to loving it. As she go further to write more books, may our God bless her books and all the readers that will not just only read her books but will also put it into an action with so much pure dignity and resourcefulness. Pure passion is the beginning of all.Without passion you can’t assure that you can make a perfect book, with paragraph that full of meanings, letters and words that are justified in pure intentions. As I see, tender loving care comes from this book. It is all my opinion, so I like what I have done and express all I want to say about the Book and also about the Author. I have a secret to confess, I just don’t like it but I loved it so much. Someday, I want to write my own insights, based on what I will study, because I admire it and adore it. I really, really, really love it. That’s all, I thank you.

Growing up through child abuse and neglect Essay

Many people do not realize how a child growing up in an abusive or neglected household affects their future. People go through hard times hiding it from the world; secretly hoping someone finds out about their story and helps them. There are many children throughout the world that do not know what it is like growing up with a normal parental figure. They go everyday living the life they live hoping to get out of it. Children that are abused or neglected go day after day worrying about when they will eat next, be looked at normal, feel special, and feel loved again. Children that grow up in an abusive/neglected household do not grow up with the correct way of parenting. Usually the child ends up gravitating towards another person or thing that helps them get through their tragedy. Jeannette in The Glass Castle is a child that goes through life with her two siblings being neglected by her parents. She struggles to get out of Welch and move to New York to start her life over. In Damaged , Jodie is a child that has been abused since she was very young. She has been through foster home after foster home till she meets Cathy. In the third book, A Stolen Life, Jaycee is kidnapped at the age of eleven and is abused by her kidnapper Phillip. She has two of his children by the age of seventeen and is forced to live with the fact that she will possibly not be able to see her family again. All three of these books show us that even though you have multiple rough patches in your life, you can always find a reason to keep moving forward. In The Glass Castle, Damaged, and A Stolen life, three girls go through abuse and neglect as a child, but are able to overcome it with the help of gravitating towards another figure. In the books The Glass Castle, Damaged, and A Stolen Life, the characters’ abuse and neglect in the household is very diverse. These three books talk about how hard it is to live with a parental figure that does not truly care about you. They go through life trying to figure out what they are worth and why this is happening to them. Jeannette, Jodie, and Jaycee are three young girls trying to find their part in this world hoping to get out of their family tragedies. Many people go through life growing up in a household full of abuse. Children can be abused by their parental figures in many different ways. It can be verbal abuse, physical abuse, and psychological abuse. If a child is being abused it usually starts at a young age and goes up till someone finds out about it or they end up moving out. Children tend to hide what is happening to them  because they think it is not as bad as it is. Many adults that are abusive to their children were abused when they were young. â€Å"Brian, his cheeks wet with tears, was holding his hands protectively between his legs† (Walls 146). In The Glass Castle, Jeannette’s grandmother tries to abuse her little brother Brian. Because of her doing this, it makes the children think that she abused their father when he was a child. When children find out that their friend is being abused, they try to hide it as much as they can because they do not want to be the person to get their friend in trouble. In Damaged, the girl in the story is a child that has been taken into foster care. After her eight years of being abused, she is finally taken out of the home Jodie has been abused by multiple adults, men and women; her mother and father, and their friends. This book has many things that deal with abuse in the household. â€Å"Taking off my clothes† (Glass 60). Jodie feels the need to take her clothes off when Cathy goes to take her picture to put into her scrapbook. Jodie tries to take her clothes off because when she lived with her mother and father they would abuse her and take pictures of her and other children naked. Because this has started at such a young age, Jodie thinks that it is perfectly normal to act in this behavior. When adults start abusing their children at such a young age, they grow up thinking that it is okay to do these things and that every family does it. Children that tend to be abused only remember certain parts of what has happened to them. This is because they shut down their brain so that they can be there physically but not mentally. This tends to stunt their growth and this is why Jodie is a three to four year old in an eight year old body. When children are very young, their development does not start as fast as non-abused children making then be in slower classes during school and not being able to function properly. (Guli, et. al.) Children need help with their development and they should not be abused in any kind of way. Children that are abused in the household tend to hide what is going on with them at school. Children do not like to tell people what is happening to them because they do not want people to look at them weird or someone telling their parents. The child is in enough trouble at home, he/she does not want it to be at school too. Children feel like school is their â€Å"get away† from the reality. Children do not want to feel like they are bringing  Ã¢â‚¬Å"drama† into the classroom and they do not want to have all of the attention towards them. In the book The Glass Castle, Jeannette tries to hide how poor her family is at school. She does not like the way the kids look at her during class because of what she is wearing. Even though she isn’t abused at home, she is still neglected and not taken care of. â€Å"One day that winter, I went to a classmate’s house to work on a school project† (Walls 179). While Jeannette was at their house she was shocked a t how big it was and how they had a refrigerator and washers and dryers. She has never seen anything like it because her family is too poor to afford things like that. This is because her family would rather spend their money on booze and art supplies for the parents than taking care of their children. Jeannette thinks that the kids at school make fun of her for what she wears and because she smells. She does not like having to wear the same outfit for a year straight with only washing it once or twice. Children these days are very self-conscious about what they look like around others and if they will fit in or not. In a different manner, Jodie from Damaged likes to tell the students in her class about what has happened to her. She thinks school is a safe place to be so she is comfortable with opening up to people. She does not really understand that what she is saying is inappropriate for school, but with her lack of knowledge she thinks it is okay, Jodie is known to have flashbacks of what happened to her the safer she feels. â€Å"Jodie was clinging to the radiator, her eyes wide and staring, her body rigid with fear† (Glass 268). Jodie thinks that her father is going to come to her school and pick her up like he did when she lived with her family. When she was little and she lived with her parents, her mother and father would pick her up in their van and he would abuse her in the back while her mother video taped it. School is a safe place for children to go when they are beign abused at home. They are taken care of and feel like they have a sense of purpose being there learning. They are taken care of by teachers that have a special bond with each and every student they have. In A Stolen Life, Jaycee Dugard is kidnapped at the age of eleven and lives with her captive for eighteen years. She stopped going to school at that time and has missed out on many childhood activities. When she was fourteen she had her first daughter. Her second came soon after. After the eighteen years of being hidden it was her first daughter’s turn to go to high school. â€Å"Walking the halls of the high  school grounds brought up feelings of grief for what I had lost† (Dugard 142). Jaycee had to go through life wondering what it wou ld be like to got to a high school and she was never able to go. She was sort of jealous that her daughter is able to go through the experience she did not. When you are an adult and you do not get the opportunity to go to a high school or do anything with your childhood, you miss out on a part of your lifetime that you will never get back. People grow up in homes that are neglected. It is not as severe as abuse but it is actually really close. Many people do not realize how much neglect can impact a person. Neglect can happen when the parents are not giving their child the emotional attention they need. The parent should supply food, clothing and shelter for their child. Neglect fits into A Glass Castle perfectly. The parents do not provide a proper hosue or any food for their three kids. The parents make them sleep in cardboard boxes because they cannot afford beds. The parents could also not hold a steady job making them have to move out of their houses multiple times. â€Å"We counted eleven places we had lived, then we lost track† (Walls 48). By the age of four, Jeannette had moved eleven times because her father lost his job and could not pay the house bill. Before the bank could file the charge they would move so they could not find them. All of this moving makes it impossible for her and her siblings to g row up in a stable home, school and town. Because of their lack of money, they could not afford to buy food for days. The kids would starve till the day their dad came home after winning money from gambling, then most of the time he would use it on alcohol. Adults that neglect their children usually were not given the attention that they needed as a child so it is the only way they knows how to raise them. Sometimes neglect can be from a step parent. They think that since the child is not theirs then they do not need to give it as much attention as their own children. â€Å"I look forward to going to school most days because it gives me time away from all of his criticism† (Dugard 3). In A Stolen Life, Jaycee hates to be home alone with her step dad because all he does is criticize her and tell her what she is doing wrong. Carl has a daughter and he treats her like his little princess. He treats her very differently from the way he treats Jaycee. To Carl Jaycee is just another person that is living in his house  and he could not care less if she left. Parents that do not give their children the right attention make them feel like they are not as important to them. This makes the child feel like they need to try to get the attention of the adult in any way possible. Not getting enough attention is a cause of suicide in younger children and even adults. Children that do not get the right amount of food tend to develop poor nutrition which has a negative impact on the child’s physical and psychological development (Ed. Fu. Wi.) Many parents do not realize they are neglecting their children until there is a break were they can tell or something huge happens. Neglect occurs mostly with the lack of communication within the family. Communication can consist of saying good or nice things to the child. There should always be a positive attitude in the household. There should also always be a good set of rules and guidelines that are followed by both the child and the adult. Sometimes there is a lack of communication between the parent and the child and they both have a different view on life. When the parent The Glass Castle, Damaged, and A Stolen Life, talk about how the child grows up with a household full of neglect and abuse and how they get through it. Having abuse and neglect in a household can either be mental or physical and even psychological. Children feel the need to hide what is going on with them at home from school. Children feel like if other kids find out what they are going through and how their parents are different from theirs then they will get made fun of and not fit in. this can also be shown by the lack of communication between the adult and the child. If they do not have a good communication system they will not be able to understand what is wrong and what is right. Children struggle to find a way to get through their situation. They look for the help of others through outsiders and through family. Children also get through their tragedy with the help of mental attitude. As long as you have a positive mental attitude, you can pull yourself through the hurt. Also, with the help of other people’s mental attitude, it helps get children to realize that it is not so bad. One of the hardest, yet rewarding things is living in an abused or neglected house and being able to get through it. Many people do not realize who hard it is for a child to get through their hard times. Children usually have a  positive attitude about life but when this is going on, to them, they feel like they are problem. They feel like they are the problem. When this is how a child feels, they mentally give up and do not feel like they should try any more. A child that wants to give up doesn’t not feel like they are good enough for their parents children need to know that they have a reason for living; they have a purpose to keep going. In my first book, The Glass Castle, Jeannette goes through anything and everything that could tear her down. As she grows up she realizes that she deserves better and that she should get away she realizes that she I old enough to move out making her want to move to New York like her sister did. â€Å"Maybe not right now, not this minute- it was the middle of the school year -but I could wait until I finished eleventh grade â€Å"(Walls 236). Jeannette knows that she deserves a better life and will not stop to get it. Her sister helped her get through it and has her realize that if she can move there then Jeannette could in my second book, Damaged, Jodie gets through her problems with the help of her foster mother Cathy. Jodie learns how to control herself a tad better. â€Å"Paula and I took her to a steak house (as a change from pizza) and while we waited for ours to arrive Jodie suddenly looked directly at Paula and said â€Å"I like your top, it’s very pretty† (Glass 337). Jodie has been becoming less and less able to know what she is doing. Even though she is getting wo rse, her memory is letting her be able to get over what happened. Family has also helped Jaycee, in A Stolen Life, get through being kidnapped. After she had her two daughters, she knew she had to stay positive to keep her girls happy. â€Å"I have done my best to educate them in the back yard, but I could only go so far.† (Dugard 138). Jaycee tried to give her the best life they could have while living there. These three girls have tried so hard to get through what they were stuck in. They all have a family member that helped them get through it and they lean on them for comfort. Another way people get through their lives is with the help of outsiders. This could be anyone like teachers, friends, neighbors, anyone really. Most of the time people want to help others. Outsiders do not know what could be happening to you when you are at home. But if you tell someone you could save yourself. In the book, The Glass Castle, Jeannette has outsiders that tell her about New York. Once she hears that she can actually get out of Welch, she has no reas on to want to stay there anymore. â€Å"I’ve got a feeling  about you, she said â€Å"I think you’ll do all right up there† (Walls 239). Jeannette’s teacher was there for her and knew how great of a person she is. She supports her in her career on her articles for the newspaper and knows that she will get a job in New York and write for the big time magazines. Outside is also help Jodie, in the book Damaged, with her foster care. Jodie was sent to High Oaks to be taken care of since Cathy cant anymore. â€Å"Ron and Betty are like me. They help children who have been hurt, only they do it better than me† (Glass 302). Cathy doesn’t have the ability to teach Jodie and get her to cooperate. Many people also help like police officers in the book, A Stolen Life; Jaycee finally gets found out about and is taken to the police station. â€Å"It looks like an evil spell.† (Dugard 209). Jaycee finally gets to use her real name and doesn’t have to hide in a backyard anymore. These three books all have at least one person that tries to help them from that had an idea of what they were going thro ugh. Many people do not realize that being able to get through it is mostly about mental attitude. You have to be able to know that you will one day get out of your situation. You have to have a positive outlook on what it will be like once it’s all over. In A Glass Castle, Jeannette and her family have to move in with her grandparents in Welch. They are looking for a new home there but everything is torn down and old Jeannette tries to make the best of the move by saying â€Å"maybe in the summer we can go fishing and swimming† (Walls 133). Jeannette always tries to have a good mental attitude she knows that if she doesn’t try to make things better than they are, then no one will. In my second book, Damaged, Cathy has to have a positive mental attitude to be able to take care of Jodie and her children. â€Å"I always felt better after a walk, and for Jodie the energy release was essential, otherwise she’d be hyperactive for the rest of the day† (Glass 65). Cathy is always stressed with dealing with how Jodie acts and all the attention that she needs to give her. She always has a positive attitude through making her capab le of getting through every day. In my last book, A Stolen Life, Jaycee has to have a positive mental attitude to keep her children happy. Even though she has gone through anything and everything to tear her down, she still wakes up every day so her girls do not realize anything is wrong. â€Å"We spend many hours on the beach, I love playing in the water with the girls† (Dugard 155). Jaycee loves spending time outside of the  backyard, even though it is scary for her to be out. She is happy and full of life to make sure her girls are happy. The two girls do not realize what was happening to them was wrong. That since they were born into it they think it is normal. People do not realize the impact they have on an abused or neglected child. If someone is willing to help you, let them. Any little bit of help works. A stranger’s attitude helps or hurts a child by if the person is high spirited or low spirited. In all three of the books I chose to read, they had an outsider help them get through their problems with a positive mental attitude. In the first book a Glass Castle, Jeannette gets help from her tea cher by always having a positive attitude around her. She always tends to tell her how she is doing and makes her feel good about herself. â€Å"Mr. Muckenfuss conferred with Miss Bevins, and she told me as long as I kept clean she’s fight for me† (walls 204), Jeannette likes having someone there for her other than her brother and sister. When Miss Bevins in ta good mood and treats her nicely, she feels good about herself, and important. In Damaged, Jodie has the same thing happen to her. She likes it when she is getting attention from anyone and everyone. Jodie has many people that are nice to her and try to have a positive attitude around her so that she has one too. The people that take her after Cathy cant anymore are always having high spirits and are in a good mood. They know that this helps the children feel safer and are more comfortable. â€Å"Jodie grinned, not quite understanding what I’d said, but appreciating that it was special, and that it applied to her â€Å"(Glass 307). Cathy knew that Jodie would like her new family because they knew her needs and how to take care of her. Another way outsiders help children is in my third book, A Stolen Life. This is because, even though her kidnappers treated her poorly in the beginning, they grew like a family. This by no means is ok, but under the circumstanced, it was for Jaycee. The kidnappers end up treating her like their own daughter, except for occasion al times when Phillip used her. Jaycee wasn’t a normal kid, she didn’t grow up in a normal home, and she didn’t get to have the life she was planned to have. Her kidnappers helped her get through it thought because they cared about her and her two daughters out into the car with Nancy and we take off to the nail salon: (Dugard 155). Nancy (Phillip’s wife) takes Jaycee out to the girly things that girls normally do with their real moms. She pretends that she is her  real mother because she never had children of her own. Many peo ple are nice and giving to children because they know what it was like to be taken care of as a child and do not want others to be treated badly The Glass Castle, Damaged, and A Stolen Life, all show how a child can get through their tragedy. With the help of others, you can overcome whatever you would like. You can get help to get through it from family and outsiders. Your mental attitude and other’s mental attitude can help you get through the tragedy by making you have a positive feeling about life and the whole situation. Many people overcome their tragedy with the help of others. Children just need someone to tell, whether it be adults they personally know, school members, teachers or friends. Children tend to gravitate towards someone/thing whether it be friends, family or an idea of some sort. Having someone help them through their hard times gives them a reason to not give up. This is what makes children want to live their life and see what it will be like after their torture is over. When a child or adult is trying to overcome their tragedy, they need someone there to help them. People need someone there for them an someone to tell their story no matter how horrible it is when someone lets out their story it is a relieving feeling for them and helps them get through it and feel better about themselves. Usually they end up telling an adult searching for help. Thy think that since they know them on a personal level that they will be there for them for the most part this is true, in my first book, the Glass Castle, Jeannette looks to her older sister for advice to see what she did to get through the neglect in the house hold. Lori helped her by having her save up money so she could come live in New York with her. â€Å"That fall, Lori helped me find a public school where, instead of going to classes, the students signed up for internships all over the city† (Walls 248). Lori knew that Jeannette was good at writing articles for her school paper when she lived in welch so she told her about this college that she could go to and intern for the priority news paper. She ended up getting the job and was one of the best writers on the board. Jeannette looks at her sister as an adult figure because she is older and works for what she wants and if motivates Jeannette to leave Welch and change her whole life around. In my second book, damaged, Jodie looks up to Kathy for help and comfort. She finally feels safe around her and knows that she won’t hurt her. â€Å"Did your daddy do those things to you?†Ã‚  (Glass 134). Jodie feels like it is normal to be abused because it is something that she has grown up with. It just comes natural to her. Since she thinks it is normal she thinks that the other children’s parents do that to them. Ever since she started living with Cathy she realizes that what had happened to her was wrong and that Cathy was parenting her the correct way Jodie has had many people in her life that has hurt and abused her and had a hard time trusting Cathy to not. In my third book a stolen life, Jaycee has to trust her kidnapper to not hurt her. Jaycee’s life was in the hands of the man who took her. She has to look up to him and trust that he will be good to her. â€Å"I do remember, however, when my sister, Shayna, turned 16. I was 26 by then living i n Phillips secret back yard in my own tent!† (Dugard223). Jaycee was glad to finally be given her own room after so many years of living there. She had to look up to Phillip and Nancy kind of as parents because she didn’t know anyone else driving that time. These three books all talk about how the child grows up looking to find someone to trust to tell their story. Overcoming your tragedy can also involve school members, teachers, and friends. Many people do not realize that all a child needs is a friend, or anyone to talk to. In my first book, The Glass Castle, Jeannette has one friend that helps her get through her rough patch. Her friend Dinitia would allow her to go swimming with her since she couldn’t afford to pay to swim with all of the white kids. â€Å"Dinitia Hewitt was there too. That summer morning I’d spent swimming with Dinitia at the public pool was the happiest time I’d had in Welch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Walls 199). Dinitia was Jeannette’s only friend and she was the only girl that would spend time with her. Jeannette needed someone to be there for her and to help her get through the drama of the household. In my second book, Damaged, Jodie feels the need to tell her classmates about what had happened to her. She felt safe as school, like no one could get her. This helped her get along with other students an d able to have some friends. â€Å"Jodie didn’t appear to notice anything amiss at all – in fact, she was full of high spirits and rather triumphant† (Glass 229). Since Jodie was new to the class, many friendships had already been created making Cathy nervous that Jodie would be left out. The children understood that Jodie had problems wrong with her and did not make fun of her. They  were all very nice and appreciative. Like in my third book, A Stolen life, Jaycee has to wait till the end of the book to finally get reconnected with her mother. Phillip seemed like he couldn’t take the stress of hiding her and the girls anymore so he confessed to taking her. After she was released she leaned to her mother for guidance about how to live a real life and how to really take care of her girls. Her mother had to show her how to live on her own and her sister had to teacher how to drive. â€Å"Every time thing seemed overwhelming, I would look at my mom and that happy feeling came back and te h warm light inside me grew bigger.† (Dugard 238). Jaycee knew that her mother was there to help her for good now. She didn’t have to be a fraid of losing her. Having her family back in her life keeps her moving forward. After a child has been abused or neglected, they tend to gravitate towards a person or thing. Children like having someone/thing to lean against for help. In my fist book, the glass castle, Jeannette gravitates to New York and the city life. She loves how there are so many people there and how fast pace everything is. â€Å"Our apartment was bigger than the entire house on little Hobart Street, and way fancier>†(Walls 247). Jeannette had never lived in an actual running house until now. She was more than ex cited to have an actual bathroom and kitchen. She loved how New York wasn’t like how people explained it and she knew that she would be there for a very long time. In my second book, damaged, Jodie tends to gravitate towards Cathy the most. She trusts Cathy and knows that she won’t hurt her. Jodie connects with Cathy and tries to get better for her. â€Å"Jodie and I had been together almost constantly for a year and I felt that everything we’d been through had bonded us and brought us close.† (Glass 317). Cathy knew that she couldn’t completely fix Jodie. She tried as hard as she could though and was the most normal thing to a real family she could have. Jodie liked living with Cathy and even though Jodie was having her problems Cathy loved Jodie like her own child. In my third book, a stolen life, Jaycee gravitates mostly to her two daughters. She knows that they need to take care of and them to give them the most normal life possible. â€Å"it’s hard to stand up for yourself when all the other person does is tell you how wrong you are and give you reasons why he is right.† (Dugard 218). Now that they are free she doesn’t have to listen to anyone else and she can make her own  rules. Jaycee is a great mother and now she has the chance to prove to the works that she is. Through all of the abuse and neglect in these three books, they all get through their problems with the help of gravitating towards someone/thing that makes them a stronger and a better person. When you gravitate towards someone it gives you a reason not to give up. You feel like you have a purpose and feel like you need to keep going. All three of these books relate to this statement by all three having a reason not to give up on others but mostly themselves. In, The Glass Castle, Jeannette does not give up because she knows that here is a better live out there for her and she will not stop till she gets it. Her sister and brother help her realize that they can get out of Welch and start their lives over. â€Å"I had no idea what my life would be like then, but as I gathered my school books and walked out the door, I swore to myself that it would never be like mom’s that I would not be crying my eyes out in an unheated shack in some godforsaken holler â€Å"(Walls 208). Jeannette does not want to live life like her mom and dad. She feels like if she stays in Welch, she will end up the same. This is what motivates her to keep going and not to give up hope. In Damaged, Cathy has to try to not give up hope for the fact of making Jodie better. Jodie went through so many foster homes and each and every one of them gave up on her and sent her back to social services. Jodie has many problems and Cathy feels like she is the only one that can help her. â€Å"I had given Jodie my promise that nothing of the kind would happen to her again and I was frightened that she would think I’d broken my promise and lose her trust in me.† (Glass 147). Cathy does not want Jodie to feel like she is hurting her, but helping her. After she had the examination she was better though. Cathy took care of Jodie better than anyone else had and Jodie could finally realize that. In A Stolen Life, Jaycee has to keep going for herself, her daughters, and to make sure her kidnapper got caught. Jaycee knew how hard it would be to act like everything was normal for her daughters and she got thr ough it all making them proud of her. She had to be the best mom she could even thought she was still only a child herself. â€Å"I am seventeen years old and I am about to have my second baby† (Dugard 122). Even though Jaycee was a young mother, she taught her girls school material the best she could since she ended  school when she was only eleven, that’s all she could teach them. She knew she wouldn’t give up hope that one day she will get out for the sake of her two girls. All three of these books relate in the way that they all have a reason not to give up on their problem. After comparing three different books, it is clear that when a child is going through abuse or neglect, they overcome it with the help of gravitating towards someone/thing. When a child is abused or neglected in a household, they tend to hide it from surrounding people, hoping that one day they will find out and help them. Abuse and neglect can be form lack of communication, or goes back to the parents and how they were rai sed. Children that grow up with the lack of parental figure in the lifetime tend to grow up faster and are able to take care of themselves at a young age. A child’s mental attitude can also affect the way they get through the tragedy by if it is positive or not. When a child has another person’s mental attitude helping them, they can get through the situation better. Children search for someone to tell their whole life until they are taken out of the problem. They will look for anyone to tell whether it be adults they know, teachers, class mates, friends, and neighbors. When you are being abused or neglected you feel like you have no reason to be there. Children think that when their parent is mad at them then they are worthless and their parents want nothing to do with them. Children gravitate towards someone or something that helps them feel important and comfortable. When they gravitate towards a figure they feel like they have a reason to live and a reason to not give up . Growing up in an abused or neglected household tends to affect your life on how you look at the world and how you live it. You feel scared that you will not be loved or that you will go back to the tragedy you lived. You find a place to feel safe, to feel needed.

Poverty and the Distribution of income during the Reagan years Research Paper

Poverty and the Distribution of income during the Reagan years - Research Paper Example Name of the Student Name of the Professor Course No. Date Poverty and the Distribution of Income during the Reagan Years I. Introduction United States had a Republican form of administration from 1981 to 1989. The administration was under the 40th president of United States named Ronald Reagan. This essay tries to focus on the level of poverty and income distribution in the Reagan years in United States. The pattern of governance under Reagan in U.S. was in favor of reducing the state owned programs. Ronald Reagan has announced the highest across board tax redemptions in American history. The different economic policies that were introduced by the president were mainly examples of supply side economics; they were often termed as ‘Reaganomics’. 1 The concept of what is now known as Privatization was first introduced by Reagan; he always encouraged the private spending by limiting the growth of state expenditures. Reagan successfully won re-election in U.S. by taking activ e measures to reduce inflation and extra regulations imposed by the government. However it was a noticeable fact that the fiscal debt was successfully incrementing during this period of economic history. II. Poverty and Income Distribution in the Reagan Period The epoch of Reagan governance in U.S. was often termed as the ‘Reagan Revolution’ as the economy both in and beyond U.S. was significantly influenced by the faith that the ruling president had in laissez-faire economy. 2 It has always been a subject of study for economists and analysts concerning the extent of inequality and income distribution in U.S. It is analyzed that after a long period of equitable income distribution, income equality started to fall in most of the English speaking nations from 1970 onwards mainly in the U.S. It was found that in the Reagan era the gap between rich and low income classes started to increase.3 This is because Reagan paved a way for almost a ‘U’ turn in U.S. econ omy. The nation started to invest primarily in speculation purposes by increasing its offshore stash.4 The country also started to outsource its factor services like labor required for productive purposes. The following was done in order to get sources at lower cost. U.S. governance during this period supported growth of business and industry at the cost of abating the organized labor power of the economy.5 Reaganomics made the country to spend less in welfare purposes, led to reduced corporate taxes and reduced spending on military services.6 It was believed by Krugman that the tax cuts made by the government during this period increased the costs of the lower 60% population and gave profit to the upper 40% income group.7 It was found during this period that the mean wage of the common households in U.S during this period was approximately $2000 while the average wage of the steelworkers was almost close to $4000.8 Rather the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation has abolished the allowances of unilateral transfer payments to the old section of the society. The labor unions were made almost powerless under the extreme rules and regulations of the government. Thus the U.S. economy was subjected to high income inequality during this era. The table given below depicts the level of income inequality in U.S. from the years 1967 to

Retail World of McDonald's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retail World of McDonald's - Essay Example This essay reveals the retail food topic of The McDonalds Corporation, that primarily franchises and operates McDonalds restaurants. Of the 31,377 restaurants in 118 countries at year-end 2007, 20,505 are operated by franchisees (including 2,781 operated by developmental licensees), 3,966 are operated by affiliates and 6,906 are operated by the Company. The Company continues to focus its management and financial resources on the McDonalds restaurant business as it is believed that the opportunities for long-term growth remain significant. The unique business relationship among the Corporation, its franchisees and suppliers (collectively referred to as the System) has been key to McDonalds success over the years. This business model enables The McDonalds to play an integral role in the communities they serve and consistently deliver relevant restaurant experiences to customers. In addition, it facilitates their ability to implement innovative ideas and profitably grow the business worldwide. But since implementing the customer-centered Plan to Win several years ago, their focus has been on being better, not just bigger. This essay covers developed by the Company top 10 challanges and described main corporative and economical issues. No matter what, McDonalds still suffers from political threats from wars between countries where the company operates. Also term 'Americanism' that is associated with McDonalds Corporation described in this essay. It brings certain economical problems and threats of terrorist groups and attacks.

International Development Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Development Organizations - Essay Example In 1970s, the organization was training families on how to indulge themselves in farming in order to get an extra income to sustain their basic needs. The organization started by installing water pumps in order to distribute clean water to communities which were highly affected by morality rates (Russell & Cohn, 2012). It then recruited volunteers who taught the community how to use the water to irrigate in order to become self-reliant. In 1990s, the organization shifted its attention towards the needs of children and other vulnerable groups in the society. This is after realizing that many governments were struggling with offering these groups[s with the necessary platforms in order to unleash their potential. By 2014, the organization was the 11th largest non-governmental organization in the United States (Russell & Cohn, 2012). World Vision International receives funding from corporations and private donors (Cagney & Ross, 2013). Approximately 19% of the organization’s budget is obtained from public grants. However, corruption is one of the major challenges that have been facing this organization. For instance, in 2007, World Vision International identified that a lot of funds that was to be directed towards education, health care, and economic development was being embezzled by various officials. In addition, the organization’s officials in various positions were diverting food deliveries and other important building materials for their own personal gains. Through its financial aid especially in developing countries, World Vision International has been able to improve the lives of the people. This is through initiating projects that are self sustainable (Kilby, 2006). Through the projects, the organization has been able to create employment, an aspect that has played a significant role in alleviating poverty in the society. World Vision International has been able to build a sustainable economy in different parts of the

Professional identity Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Professional identity - Term Paper Example Nonetheless, the theory requires the nurse to employ both professional and generic knowledge and means to fit such varied thoughts into nursing care actions and objectives. In this scenario, care skill and knowledge are frequently redesigned for the best interest of the patients (Shaw & Timmons, 2010). Therefore, all care modalities in Hennepin County Medical Center will need the participation of both the nurse and patients working together to recognize, plan, execute, and assess every care mode for culturally fitting nursing care. These modes will stimulate the nurse to develop nursing decisions and actions using cultural based ways and new ways to offer satisfying and meaningful inclusive care to the large diverse population in downtown Minneapolis. If this nurse values and understands the practice of culturally proficient care, she will have the ability to encourage positive changes in health care activities for patients of diverse population at Hennepin County Medical Center in d owntown Minneapolis. In addition, for the nurse to share a cultural identity with the large population of diverse individuals, she will need knowledge of transcultural nursing principles and ideas together with an understanding of existing research findings. It is significant for the nurse to note that culturally proficient nursing care can only take place when the values and beliefs of patients are skillfully and thoughtfully included into the nursing care plans of Hennepin County Medical Center. Caring is the central focus of nursing. Therefore, culturally proficient nursing will guide the nurse to offer optimal inclusive, culturally centered care. Part B Out of the three primary roles for the baccalaureate-prepared registered nurse identified by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, the role the writer is most interested in exploring is that of a case manager. A case manager is a health care expert, particularly a registered nurse, who dedicates himself or herself in a ssisting patients with their health care needs and services. This is from the period the patients are admitted to the medical institution to the period they are discharged (Lai & Lim, 2012). Also, case managers are referred to by more general terms, as medical case managers or nurse case managers. In addition, nurse case managers work hand in hand with patients and their relatives or loved ones to examine the needs of the patient and come up with an ample health care plan that highlights their preferences and objectives (Baldwin, 2012). There are also certain education requirements that need to be met for a person to become a nurse case manager. Nurse case managers characteristically possess an associate’s degree in nursing as the lowest educational requirement. However, some have a master’s or bachelor’s degree to signify an advanced level of training and knowledge. In addition to certification and educational achievement, registered nurses can augment their ch ances of becoming nurse case managers if they have shown immense attention to detail, have significant connection with patients and their loved ones, and are terrific supervisors of their nursing staff. It also helps to have a specified amount of years of experience in the field of nursing. The writer has had a concentration, a segment of the patient population on which she has focused her greatest interest.

Study Nile River Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Study Nile River - Essay Example The basin is home to the estimated population of over 160 million people with overwhelming majority depending on it directly or indirectly for land, water, shelter, and energy sources (Rahman, 2013). The use of the water resources has over the years become a source of conflict for the ten countries that depend on it directly or indirectly. The population of the river is expected to double in the next twenty years thus pressuring the already strained water resources thus tampering with its ability to meet the world’s social, environmental, and economic challenges in the region (Rahman, 2011). The Nile river basin represents an area with a traditional history that is strongly linked to the river due to its importance in an environment that experiences water scarcity. The region lacks tangible water alternatives hence they purely rely on the river and its resources to provide them with the essentials of their daily lives. The water governance highly favours Egypt at the expense o f riparian states thus breeding a lot of instability concerning water use in this region. The African communities are the most affected by the water resource problems due to persistent drought, increasing food security and political instability. Water is truly a strategic and vital resource and should thus be properly and sensitively managed to avoid pollution and prevent any possible conflict. The Nile water resource is subject to lots of pressures ranging from demographic, economic, growth of agglomerations, and ecological factors that threaten the smooth existence in the region. There are several organizations working round the clock to study and closely monitor the activities that are taking place in the Nile basin. There are several uses of water in this basin spreading in all the riparian states hence all of them want a voice in controlling the water usage. The continuous use of this water resource is exposing this basin to environmental degradation that threatens their ecosys tems in the near future. In an attempt to control this rare resource, trans boundary issues are developing that threatens the political and economic stability in the region, hence resulting in signing of several pacts between the riparian states. Relevant uses and users of water throughout the Nile basin The Nile basin contains a wide range of unique and highly productive ecosystems that provide food resources, medicine, fuel, and construction materials despite providing water for irrigation, industry, hydropower, and household use (Allan, 2009). These ecosystems provide a number of important hydrological functions that include flood mitigation, flow regulation, and water quality in the whole region despite being aesthetic, cultural and heritage significance. The ecosystems provide an intrinsic value to over 160 million people who depend on the Nile basin to provide for a range of livelihoods that include agriculture, fisheries, and urban dwelling (Rahman, 2011). The ecosystems also provide direct services that include water shelter, medicine, fuel, fish, plants and animal feeds that they use throughout the year for their daily survival. According to Allan (2009), the river is of great importance since it provides up to 80% of the calorie intake provided by goods and services directly related to Nile ecosystems. According to Cascao (2009), most of the riparian stat

We googled you case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

We googled you - Case Study Example For this purpose, the company required a winning team headed by a competent team head. However, the candidate, Mini Brewster’s, involvement in aggressive social campaigns, as recorded over the internet, was inhibiting the Hathaway Jones’ HR department to hire the candidate. Brining her over the company could potentially hurt the image of the business’ newly formed operations in China. The main issue involves Mimi Brewster’s acceptance into Hathaway Jones. The company’s CEO is positive about the candidate as Mimi is a very competent and qualified individual. However, the company’s HR manager, Virginia, has some reservations regarding Mimi’s former activities as a socially active student during her years at Stanford. Her reputation on Google based on the search results could damage the company’s image among its consumers and can especially damage the prospects of Hathaway Jones opening up in China. The CEO believes that such incidents that are revealed through the internet and social media could be forgotten because the talent pool is quite limited and Mimi seems to be the perfect fit. Also, the CEO is reluctant to call in the candidate so that they could hear her side of the story. Hence, the main issue is regarding letting go of minor discrepancies that come up after studying the internet history of a candidate. The first solution to the issue is to call Mimi Brewster for an informal meeting along with the HR manager in order to inquire about her previous activities and involvement in social campaigns during her university years. This would allow Mimi to clarify her side in case the internet and Google only predisposed a certain perspective regarding the issue thereby distorting the reality. The second solution is to find another candidate to fill the position whose search history seems to be historically clean. This would

Supportive Learning Environment Essay Example for Free

Supportive Learning Environment Essay Explain how to establish and maintain a safe and supportive learning environment 7.3.1. Explain how to establish ground rules with learner’s to promote respect for each other. 9.3.2. Explain how to promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others. 7.3.2. When considering teaching in Further education, I assumed that managing behaviour and having to establish ‘ground rules’ had been left at the school gates, amidst an onslaught of eggs, signed uniforms and flour. Of course, having had a little experience, I now feel that students in F. E are the most diverse group to teach anywhere in education and with that, equally diverse in terms of behaviour and motivation. In order to establish and instigate ground rules in the first instance, basic rules should be agreed upon from the very start. For example; Mobile phones on silent, no talking while others are speaking and no eating during the lesson. Other rules can be applied as the course progresses. The establishment’s policies and procedures should be observed as a group, as this ensures everybody is aware of them. Observing behaviour, listening to what the students have to say and talking to them in an open forum leads the way to further establishing an agreeable environment in which to learn. Rules can be updated in this way and enable change to be considered depending on how the class develops. In order to remind learners of these mutually agreed guidelines, it is a good idea to display them in the room to refer students to if and when they are breached. Creating a ‘safe’ environment is integral to learning. Disruption, noise, lack of direction, bullying and aggressive styles are not conducive, so it is important in my role to develop good practise in dealing with challenging behaviour and promoting a positive, respectful atmosphere. Once more is known about the students, writing learning objectives for the session and stating what the students will be able to do at the end of the lesson could go somewhere towards promoting expectations and creating order within the room, another point at which to refer to if needed to keep learners on task. A supportive learning environment should be purposeful and task orientated, where the tutor emphasises the need to progress steadily. This can be done by starting lessons promptly, creating a smooth flow to the lesson, involving pupils and monitoring their progression and organisation. A positive effort should be made to ensure pupils have or build on self-respect and esteem by setti ng realistic opportunities for success and helpful support and encouragement whenever difficulties arise. A sense of order within the class can be managed by presenting lessons effectively and establishing positive relationships with pupils- based on mutual respect and rapport. I will, as a tutor, have to develop skills in managing behaviour and use a variety of tactics in order to develop an understanding of students individually and as a group. Hopefully, I will be able to combine that with the correct approach to planning, my approach, the resources to use in order to deal with barriers learners may have adopted towards learning and to maintain a good level of motivation. I believe in creating a relaxed, warm and supportive atmosphere in a group, as in my experience I have found that it creates a positive environment and suits my style when interacting with and enabling others. (Kyriacou, C.1998:65) writes- with regard to this particular style- ‘This better enables pupils to develop curiosity and interest in the learning activities’ However, this may lead to pupils relyin g on help, so it is important to establish and implement boundaries so that the learners initiative and motivation isn’t compromised. Giving feedback in a supportive way can help to encourage students to use study skills by highlighting how making notes or paying attention more closely can better equip them in meeting the demands of the program. Of course, I am aware that not everybody will want to interact fully within the group in this way and some would rather things were direct and less ‘fluffy’. I myself like to find a quiet place during a break and spend time alone. Sometimes I want to stay where I am seated and not move around to sit with other people. In general, promoting this environment and leading by example will in effect have a positive impact on the group. In my previous journal from week one, I wrote about how I try to include pupils who have low confidence in group discussions or activities with other more confident members of the class. In the same way, I also like to try and mix motivated pupils with those who may be struggling to find motivation. In an attempt to understand motivati on and what motivates I have considered Abraham Maslow’s (1987) Hierarchy of Needs in which he describes a series of stages towards achieving ones potential or ‘self-actualisation’. The stages are set as a pyramid with the most basic human need at the base and self-actualisation at the top. The base describes physiology which incorporates basic needs such as food and sleep begging the question, ‘Are the students tired or hungry?’ Safety describes the need for security. I must ask myself, ‘Is the environment safe? Are the students feeling secure and happy? Are they confident in my ability?’ Love and belonging, referring to a need we have as humans to be valued and needed. Looking at this I will need to ensure that all of the students feel included and that they are being respected by the rest of the group. I must ensure that I am using an inclusive approach in teaching. Esteem ‘building this through achievement and by being acknowledged by others’. It will be important to monitor development and ensure growth in confidence through peer support and recognition. Finally, Self-actualisation- the desire to reach what is perceived to be ones ‘full potential’ asking ‘Is there an individual and shared sense of achievement?’ and ‘Are the students operating with initiative, creativeness and independence?’ As a tutor, I will be expected to lead by example in modelling desired behaviour. Not only is it important to treat students with respect, it is important to treat other members of staff and outside agencies in the same way. I have experienced negativity from one staff member towards another member of staff where it was obvious-through body language and facial expressions- that there was a conflict. This impacted negatively on the class, as the students noticed what was going on. As a result, the students ostracised one staff member and took sides. This caused a very difficult atmosphere to work in and the ‘disliked’ member of staff was ignored and treated unfairly. This highlighted the importance of professionalism to me and whenever I have to work alongside people I may not always see eye-to-eye with, I must remain impartial in my views and ensure I keep thoughts and facial gestures very much to myself. References: Kyriacou, Chris (1998) Essential Teaching Skills. Second edition.London. Basil Blackwell LTD

Some Knowledge Is Discovered And Others Are Invented Philosophy Essay

Some Knowledge Is Discovered And Others Are Invented Philosophy Essay The question how do we evolve knowledge? is a debate in philosophy older to human existence. Philosophers differ on the source of knowledge. Some say that reasoning is a way to acquire knowledge while others say that perception is the way to get knowledge. Art, ethics and math are some of the areas of knowledge. The major argument is on whether these areas of knowledge are discovered or invented. Mathematics and ethics use reasoning as the way to have knowledge whereas art is concerned with perception and the perception leads to experience. Giving arguments and counter arguments for determining whether laws in physics, art and ethics are invented or discovered. Epistemology is an important area of philosophy dealing with the theory of knowledge. It focuses on determining what is true knowledge and how do we receive the true knowledge. The word knowledge is known in different ways such as understanding, recognizing, grasping etc. According to the tripartite theory of knowledge which is the most popular account of knowledge, there are three conditions in order to possess knowledge. They are belief, truth and justification. Belief is the first condition for knowledge. Even if something is true, and one has excellent reasons for believing that it is true, one cannot know it without believing it. (Dawkins). Truth means conformity with reality. If a thing is known, it must be true because false cannot be known and therefore, knowledge must be of truth. The third condition for knowledge is justification. In order to know a thing, it is not enough to merely believe it; one must also have a good reason for doing so. (The Tripartite Theory of Knowled ge). Knowledge can be received by two sources and they are known as empiricism and rationalism. There is a constant debate in philosophy on derivation of knowledge, whether knowledge is empirical or rational. In the philosophy of science, empiricism is a theory of knowledge which emphasizes those aspects of scientific knowledge that are closely related to experience, especially as formed through deliberate experimental arrangements. (Empiricism). Empiricism says that knowledge is obtained through senses and without senses we cannot understand knowledge. The theory rationalism is quite different from empiricism postulating that reason is the source for knowledge. In the view of philosophers who support the theory of rationalism, in the acquisition of knowledge holds three types of knowledge. First one is the possession of the innate knowledge and they strongly say that innate knowledge is absolutely different from sense knowledge. Second type of knowledge is the truth of logic, mathematic or ethical truth. For example, one plus one is two and it is the mathematical truth. It is true and it cannot be other. So also, there is logical necessity drawn through the deduction and induction methods in the acquisition of knowledge. Thirdly, the rationalists say that even though there are truths which are grounded in experience, reasoning is important in the derivation of knowledge. For example, if two persons see a sunflower at a time, their understanding and perception about the flower will be different. This shows that there is reasoning among them in order to judge the beauty of the flower. Through reasoning we come to mathematical knowledge. Mathematical principles are not discovered but are invented. Here, we solve a problem with the help of a formula. We use our rationale in applying the formula in order to solve the problem. Mathematics is an invention according to the Formalists and Intuitionists, who believed that mathematics is an invention of the mind. (Was Mathematics an Invention or a Discovery?). They tell that mathematical principles are not an absolute necessity and also there are no complex numbers in the nature. So mathematics is an invention and not a discovery. Ethics is invented, not discovered. It is mere construction of human mind. There are moral principles and it varies from society to society, nation to nation and individual to individual. An ethical act which is dominated in some society is not at all ethics in some other societies. From watching a recent documentary about Liberia an African man was interviewed who used to be a general of a clan, before battle they would kill a young child and cut his heart out consuming some of his blood. This shows some clans in Africa are cannibals and their culture is not bothered about killing of other people. But, most of the people cherish an ethics that killing is immoral act. Therefore, we can say that ethics is constructed and invented, not discovered. Reasoning is the way to come to this knowledge. The way of knowing art is different from ethics and mathematics. We use reasoning for understanding mathematical and ethical principles. But, perception is the way of knowing the art. We see an art and it leads us to a kind of experience. Seeing an art such as film, statue and pictures, we become emotionally aroused. But understanding an ethical principle does not make us emotionally aroused. We cannot know the content of the work of art without experiencing the work. (Lehrer, Kieran, and Dominic 1). It is not possible to say all knowledge are discovered or invented completely. Knowledge that human beings have acquired now in different areas are not mere discoveries or inventions. Great knowledge is result of both great discoveries and inventions. For example, the theories in physics have undergone discussion whether those are invented or discovered. Most of the theories in physics were made from different life experiences. Sometimes, the origin of these theories was closely related with the incidents that happened coincidently. For example, when the origin of the theories of gravitational forces was discussed, the experiences that had in the life of Isaac Newton is mentioned often. Those life experiences led him to make great theories of gravitational force. But, universe was acting according to those rules before they were actually made. These findings were called as discoveries because they existed before they were expressed by mathematical terms. So, the theories which are wr itten or explained using mathematical or linguistic symbols are inventions while their results in practical level are discoveries. But, generally these finding are called as discoveries. But these discoveries are base for many findings which are called as inventions without any doubt. For example, space shuttles are example for one of the greatest inventions of human. But, at the time of making of space shuttles, different theories of force of gravitation have to be analyzed as it acts against force of gravitations. So, in same area itself discoveries and inventions are interlinked in many ways. When we derive knowledge related to art, perception of people who derive those knowledge become prominent. Generally, the findings in arts are inventions. A painter creates his ideas in his mind in a platform. It is a creation, so it can be called as an invention. But, it is possible to argue that there are findings of things which already exist. When an architect makes a sculpture from a rock, he really applies his creativity to the rock and takes a particular shape, which already exists, out of that rock. It is very difficult to explain how man creates an artistic thing which becomes an invention of man in simple logical manner. It is possible to explain the creativity only if both the persons, one who explains and one who listens think in the level of art. The rules of ethics are made for adding more values to social life of human beings. But, being a social creature, many principles of morality have become inevitable part of human nature. So, there are arguments that ethical theories are discoveries of human beings. These arguments, regardless of their mutual areas of agreement and disagreement, seem to point towards morality as being a set of more or less complete rules, already present in the human intellect at birth. (Arroyo).

Sustaining Competitive Advantage Of Nestle Marketing Essay

Sustaining Competitive Advantage Of Nestle Marketing Essay Sustainability can occur in two ways: firms may differ with respect to resources and capabilities and the differences persist and isolating mechanisms analogous to barriers to entry may work to protect the competitive advantage of firms. 6.1 Resources and Capabilities A firms resource identifies its capabilities. Resources are the productive assets owned by the firm. Capabilities on the other hand refer to a companys ability to make use of its resources in a highly productive manner. Individual resources do not confer competitive advantage, they must work together to create organizational capability. It is capability that is the essence of superior performance. 6.1.1 Resources Tangible Resources Basically, there are three types of a firms resources: tangible, intangible and human resources. Tangible resources are the easiest to identify and evaluate: financial resources and physical assets are identified and valued in the firms financial statements. According to Nestle Annual Report 2011, Nestle Group reported sales of CHF 83.6 billion and 7.5 percent organic growth on top of good growth in recent years. The net profit on a continuing basis was CHF 9.5 billion, up 8.1 percent. At December 2011, Nestles property, plant and equipment were valued at CHF 9041 million. Intangible Resources Resources may also be intangible, such as reputation or a stock of patents and copyrights. Brand name is the most important resource among the intangible resources. Brand name and other trademarks are form of reputational assets: their value is in the confidence they instill in customers. The brand valuations involve estimating the operating profits for each brand, estimating the proportion of net operating income attributable to the brand, and then capitalizing these returns. The value of companys brands can be increased by extending the product/ market scope over which the company markets those brands. Nestle has eight product  lines or categories overall. The strategy used by Nestle is the  family branding  or  corporate  branding in which word Nestle is attached to all  the brands  in all categories. In 2001, Nestles brand value was more than 13000 million US dollars and it has became the largest producer of consumer packaged beverages and foods in the world, which has claimed the 23rd position in the Interbrands list of 100 most valuable brands in the world (Nestle Brand Strategy, 2012). Human Resources The human resources of the firm are the expertise and effort offered by its employees. For example, the combination of Nestles knowledge of biotechnology in coffee with the expertise, Nestle has on the ground in Mexico which will help to achieve sustainable Robusta coffee production in the region (The Nestle People Development Review). In addition, Nestle has a great research and development team. James Gallagher and Andrea Pfeifer were the masterminds behind the research on the La-1 cultures in the LC-1 yogurt. They were also the two that decided on selling LC-1 as a functional food. This enabled Nestle to position the product in a way that differentiated it among the other products in the market (Nestle LC1, 2005). 6.1.2 Capabilities Capabilities are what a firm can do. Organizational capability requires the expertise of various individuals to be integrated with capital equipment, technology, and other resources. For instance, in Asia, Nestles strategy has been to acquire local companies in order to form a group of independent regional managers who know more about the culture of the local markets than Americans or Europeans. The strong cash flow of the company enabled it to engage in wide-scale foreign direct investments and sufficient flexibility for takeovers of local firms able to provide the company with a stronghold in the market. Apart from that, Nestle has employed a wide-area strategy that involves producing different products in each country to supply the region with a given product from one country. For example, Nestle in Indonesia specializes in soymilk products because of the cheaper and easy access to soymilk in the country with soymilk products for distribution in other Asian markets (Nestle LC1, 20 05). Furthermore, Nestle provides an example of a company that has a strong configural advantage in the marketing, distribution and manufacture of food products. Nestle has developed an explicit international brand architecture that consists of 10 worldwide corporate brands, 45 worldwide strategic product brands, 25 regional corporate brands, 100 regional product brands, 700 local strategic brands and approximately 7000 local brands. On the production side, it has 522 factories in 81 different countries providing manufacturing capabilities in key markets. The broad geographic coverage allows Nestle to realize sales from industrialized countries as well as the increasingly important emerging market countries and to transfer information and experience from one market or region to another (Craig and Douglas, 1999). In addition, Nestle has become the first major confectioner to remove artificial colors, flavors and preservatives from its entire range. The company, which is behind leading bran ds including KitKat, Smarties and Quality Street, has changed the recipe of 79 products to remove suspect chemicals. In total, more than 80 ingredients have been replaced with alternatives, mostly from natural sources such as carrot, hibiscus, radish, safflower and lemon (Poulter, 2012). 6.2 Isolating Mechanism Isolating mechanisms limit the rivals from eroding a firms competitive advantage. There are two different types of isolating mechanism which are (1) impediments to imitation and (2) early mover advantage. 6.2.1 Impediments to imitation Impediments to imitation are the mechanism that impedes the existing firms and potential entrants from duplicating the resources and capabilities of the incumbent firm. There are four important types of impediments exist which are legal restrictions, superior access to inputs/customers, market size and scale economies and intangible barriers. Legal Restrictions We are going to look at the legal restrictions and superior access to inputs/customers of Nestle. Firstly, the legal restrictions such as patents, copyrights and trademarks, as well as governmental control over entry into markets through licensing, control rights and certification can impede imitation. Nestle has files over 250 patent applications per year and manages a global patent portfolio of about 20,000 patents. Nestle has now entered the top 100s World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) list and is the top patent applicant for the food and beverage industry. Leading edge technologies and highly differentiated products, solutions and benefits are key to Nestles four growth drivers and its global brands such as Nespresso, Nan, Nescafe, Nido and Purina. Protecting these technologies, products, solutions and benefits significantly contributes to sustaining the competitive advantage coming from Nestles unmatched  RD  capability and product and brand portfolio. For exampl e, on 22 February 2006, Nestle had applied for a patent on genetically modified coffee plants with a blocked enzyme, designed to improve the solubility of the coffee powder. The patent covers the technical process, genetically modified plants as well as the use of coffee beans for the manufacture of soluble coffee. With this patent, coffee growers will become even more dependent on Nestle (Greenpeace, 2006). Superior Access to Inputs/Customers Secondly, superior access to inputs/customers means that the firms can obtain high quality or high productivity inputs, such as raw materials or information than its competitors will be able to sustain cost and quality advantages that competitors cannot imitate. With every bite or sip of a Nestle product, Nestle has to assure the highest possible standards all along the supply chain from raw materials via manufacturing, packaging and distribution, to the point of consumption. Every Nestle factory has a laboratory that systematically analyses raw materials and ingredients. Nestle products are checked on the production line and in their finished state to ensure that they meet the company strict standards, as well as national and international regulations (The World of Nestle, 2006). 6.2.2 Early Mover Advantage Early mover advantage is the benefit produce by being the first to enter a market with a new product or service. Early mover advantages include; becoming a market leader in a new; establishing a new leading brand; being able to charge a premium until competitor products appear enhanced reputation, design, and copyright protection and possibly setting an industry standard to which other competitors may have to aspire. There are four different isolating mechanisms fall under the category of early mover advantage which is learning curve, reputation and buyer uncertainty, buyer switching costs and network effects. Reputation and Buyer Uncertainty We are going to discuss the reputation and buyer uncertainty and network effect on Nestle. For experience goods, a firms reputation for quality provides a significant early mover advantage. Once the firms reputation has been created, the firm will have advantage competing for new customers, increasing the number of customers and further strengthening its reputation. The motto of Nestle is Good Food, Good Life, so delivering the qualitative products to the customer is their main objective. Nestle Pure Life (NPL) was first offered in Pakistan by Nestle Pakistan Limited in 1998. People felt need of Pure, safe and clean water because of impurities in water especially in the industrialized cities like Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad etc. Nestle identified this opportunity and launched NPL that satisfied the customer needs and Nestle become market leader in the water industry. The customers of NPL showed interest on NPL because of trust on Quality of Nestle, at the heart of which there are qua litative products and its long term commitment to deliver better products to consumers. Being the market leader, the market share of NPL is 78 percent that is much higher than its competitors (Ahmad, 2011). Network Effect The network effect is the result of word-of-mouth testimonials where the customer values the product depending on how many others are using the product. There is many ways for the customers to get the information about a companys product. Actual networks are where the consumers are physically linked. Nestle, the 144-year-old Switzerland-based food company created a Fan Page on the social media site, Facebook, where its millions of customers can get information and discuss the company and its products. While a simple and seemingly begin move, the company demonstrated foresight in opening a new channel to better communicate with their customers (A Business Lesson, n.d.).

ECON 4131, International Finance, Spring 2002, Exam 1 :: UMN Minnesota Business Economics Finance

Midterm Exam International Finance April 8, 2002 Answer all questions in examination booklets 1. (10 points) Use the BOP accounts guide on the last page of this exam to indicate where each of the following transactions should be recorded in the U.S. balance of payments (e.g.: â€Å"i3†, â€Å"e2†, etc.). Bear in mind that each transaction should generate a capital account and a current account entry. a) The U.S. buys $1m. of lumber from Canada b) Japan buys $500K of fish from an Alaskan fishing outfit c) The U.S. contracts a Panamanian flagged vessel for shipping on the Mississippi d) Mexican migrant workers wire $2m. home for Cinco de Mayo celebrations e) A Panamanian flagged ship purchases a $100K insurance contract from a U.S. firm 2. (10 points) The nation of Pecunia had a current account deficit of $2 billion and a nonreserve capital account surplus of $900 million in 1998. a) What was the â€Å"balance of payments† of Pecunia that year? What happened to the country’s net foreign assets? b) Assume that the foreign central banks neither buy nor sell Pecunian assets. How did the Pecunian central bank’s foreign reserves change in 1998? How would this official intervention show up in the balance of payments accounts of Pecunia? c) How would your answer to (b) change if you learned that foreign central banks had purchased $1.2 billion of Pecunian assets in 1998? How would these official purchases enter the foreign balance of payments accounts? 3. (15 points) Derive (show your work) the following, and provide a brief explanation: a) Uncovered interest rate parity b) Covered interest rate parity 4. (10 points) Define â€Å"neutrality of money† and discuss why money is thought to be â€Å"neutral† in the long-run. 5. (10) Define â€Å"Purchasing Power Parity† and discuss the reasons why it might or might not hold. 6. (15 points) In our formal model of exchange rate determination under â€Å"sticky prices† a) What do the two curves represent?

My Life on Togetherness Essays -- family, parents, religion, freedom

I belong to a family that is characterized by being quite Post-modern. Talking about my parents, they do both participate in the public sphere. They both work in two separate domains, having consequently more freedom in the public sphere they encounter as a daily basis. For example, my mother works as a teacher, so she comes across mostly teachers and professors, and my father works as an architect, so he encounters mostly architects, without corrupting one another by endless phone calls or whatever. So Togetherness, which is the opposite of autonomy, is not really seen. What I described before is how things go between my parents, but I did not yet talk about the situation between my parents and us, their children. Our freedom grows proportionally with our age. When we were young, we weren't restricted to communicate only to the family members. In school, we were free to meet and talk to whoever we want. Of course they do warn us of the bad persons we might encounter, but we were feeling comfortable. As we grew up, the relationship between us start to be friendlier. Trust is there, which I believe is one of the most important criteria that should exist within a relationship, happiness is there, everything is fine. However, a criterion of togetherness was missing, which is the freedom of choice. Choices available to me were those that my parents provided me with. For example, one of my goals in my Life was, and still is, to become a Formula 1 racing driver, but unfortunately I wasn't able to achieve that, because my parents simply weren't able to assimilate the idea that I drive a "dangerous", fast car. I know it's too late now, but my dream is still to drive a Formula 1 car, at least before I pass away. Anyway, my family is the ... ...rnal or external. when everything's ticking along just fine, I don't think most people give much thought to it; evidence of that can be found in the confusion with which most people will respond to questions like, "what makes someone a man/woman?", or, "how do you know that you're a woman/man?", without referring to biology. But as soon as something's not quite right, whether that's an internal feeling of incongruence or an external challenge to one's gender, suddenly it becomes very important indeed. Finally it does work for me, and I am not emphasizing any counter ideas toward girls. I don't have any problem with them; each of us is different at several levels. I can have positive criteria by being a boy and my sister, for example, can also have positive criteria that I do not have by being a girl. I was born a male; I will grow as a male, and will die as a male.

Freedom Writers Diary Movie Questions Essay

1. Eva’s view of herself and her people is that their nationality is competing with other races because of the discrimination. When Eva is a child, she is taught by her father that she has to fight for her people. â€Å"An Aztec princess is chosen for her blood, to fight for her people, as Papi and his father fought, against those who say we are less than they are, who say we are not equal in beauty and in blessings†. 2. According to Eva her father is arrested for retaliation, he was innocent but was jailed anyway, because of the respect he had from his people. Eva was waiting for the bus on her first day of school when she witnessed the war between races for the first time. â€Å"They took my father for retaliation. He was innocent, but they took him, because he was respected by my people. They called my people a gang because we fight for our America†. 3. The reason that Erin Gruwell decided to teach instead of be a lawyer is because of the influence from her father, being part of the civil rights movement and watching the L.A. riots on TV. Thinking of going to law school but thought that the case is already lost if it reaches the courtroom which indicates that Ms. G believes that going to the beginning where she can educate her students on the fundamentals and essentially prevent them from ending up with a lost court case because a good prevention method has no need for a cure. â€Å"And I remember when I was watching the LA riots on TV, I was thinking of going to law school at the time. And I thought, God, by the time you’re defending a kid in a courtroom the battle’s already lost. I think the real fighting should happen here in the classroom.† 4. In the beginning, obstacles that Ms. G faced are that the students didn’t believe in her, thinking that she wouldn’t be able to last in the classroom or teach because of the difficult interracial battles between students. â€Å"I give this bitch a week.† Erin had to deal with two students fighting on the first day of teaching, and witnessing another between different tribes within the school. Along with the discouragement from her father. â€Å"You’re gonna waste your talents on people who don’t give a damn about education. It breaks my heart†. 5. With gang violence and racial tension reaching an all-time high, the racial situation in Long Beach was separated into tribes based on the races of each person because of the L.A. riots. â€Å"Total civil unrest is happening throughout the Los Angeles area.† â€Å"The city resembles a war zone.† 6. At first, the students of room 203 relate to one another because of the similar situations and issues that each have experienced. Another way the students can relate to one another are the difficult moments of their individual lives they have to face because they’re all trying to cope with the cards they have been dealt in life. Also with discriminating against other races. Most of the students in room 203 are of different race to the teachers of Woodrow Wilson high school and feel separate from the community. â€Å"You can’t go against your own people, your own blood.† 7. A character that I like is Jamal because he seems like he is a funny person and entertaining to be around, making jokes out of negative situations. I can relate to him because I am a student myself. Having to complete unnecessary tasks when there are more important activities that I can be doing. 8. Ms. G tried to engage the students by finding something she thought they would be interested in and using it to relate to them with 2pac rapper lyrics with poetry as an example of an internal rhyme. The students are bothered by this, â€Å"Think we don’t know 2Pac? -White girl gonna teach us about rap†. She mixed up the separate boarders in the classroom to engage the students with differentiation without separate races but fails because of the lack of interest and students stop attending. 9. Reasons that the students do not respect Ms G are because of the racial situation at Long Beach, they think that she is just another white person analogous the rest of the teachers that have never really put any effort into actually teaching or caring about their education and don’t try understand their situations. The students are used to never being a priority in the education system, constantly being looked down on as not being smart enough or trusted with the schools proper resources and recognized as people who don’t want to learn and basically never having the opportunity to become  anything other than the stereotypes they have been categorised into. So Ms G. wasn’t seen as an individual, she was seen as another teacher that didn’t care. â€Å"Lady, stop acting like you’re trying to understand our situation†. They think she doesn’t deserve the respect given from them because she hasn’t earned it. â€Å"I’m not just gonna give you my respect because you’re called a teacher.† 10. Eva hates white people because of negative experiences she has had with white police. â€Å"I know what you can do. I saw white cops shoot my friend in the back for reaching into his pocket, his pocket! I saw white cops come into my house and take my father away for no REASON except they feel like it! Except because they can! And they can, because they’re white†. She feels that white people demand respect without earning it. â€Å"You don’t know what we got to do. You got no respect for how we living†. White people always wanting their respect like they deserve it for free†. Eva thinks that all white people feel that they have authority over her ethnicity, that whites run the world no matter what resulting in Eva hating all white people on sight. 11. Erin’s husband is a very considerate and devoted husband but shows resentment towards her career after assimilating extra jobs to support her teaching career without consulting him. He doesn’t appear to want to talk about her job and when he does, he doesn’t show any support toward it. While not paying attention to Scott, his attitude toward Erin’s career is that he feels that she is getting too involved as a result, letting their marriage suffer. â€Å"Scott, I finally found what I’m supposed to be doing and I love it. When I’m helping these kids make sense of their lives, everything about my life makes sense to me. How often does a person get that?† â€Å"Then what do you need me for?† â€Å"You’re my husband, why can’t you stand by me and be a part of that the way wives support husbands?† â€Å"Because I can’t be your wife.† And their marriage results in divorce because his life with Eri n wasn’t how he wanted it to be. 12. Ms G. again attempts to peak an interest with the students by using topics that relate to them with non-curriculum books about lives similar to  their own that she has bought herself for the students. 13. When Ms G. finds he picture of Jamal she confronts them, belittling their gang actions. â€Å"You think you know all about gangs? You’re amateurs†. Ms G informs the students about discrimination, bringing up the holocaust and how using racist pictures and antics is a way of wrongfully blaming others for their lives being hard to give themselves pride and identity. 14. The holocaust is relative to the students because they’re all associated or associate with gang violence and annihilation of people for the satisfaction of being the prime race. 15. The philosophy of the students is that they believe that the world is all about what colour someone is, not who they are. The students make illegitimate judgements about people of different ethnicity to themselves. To the students, graduation isn’t perceived as a concern when more important factors have to be dealt with. To them, making it through another day is an achievement alone, â€Å"Lady, I’m lucky if I make it to 18. We in a war. We’re graduating every day we live, because we ain’t afraid to die protecting our own. At least when you die for your own, you die with respect, you die a warrior†. 16. Within society, the students see themselves just as others perceive them. That being not as real graduates, as people who are going to be like their parents, as people who won’t really ever amount to much. No one has ever really taken them seriously which has resulted in the students not taking themselves seriously. â€Å"Nobody cares what I do. Why should I bother coming to school?† 17. The activity that united the students was learning about the holocaust, reading the books, hearing the stories of the victims and the excursion to the holocaust exhibition really spoke to students on a personal level that they could all connect and relate too. The main reason all the students are uniting for once is because of Ms Gruwell. Students know she goes above and beyond for them and that she actually cares. â€Å"My crazy English teacher from  last year is the only person that made me think of hope. Talking with friends about last year’s English and our trips, I began to feel better. I receive my schedule and the first teacher is Mrs. Gruwell in Room 203. I walk into the room and feel as though all the problems in life are not so important anymore. I am home.† Ms. G’s teaching is the activity that first started to unite the students. 18. The scene with Sindy and Eva shows that Ms. G’s class has united the students and created a bond between the two making them look beyond their own races. Ms. G’s students are starting to do right within society and not just right for their own race. For example, â€Å"I am my father’s daughter, and when they call me to testify, I will protect my own no matter what.† instead of Eva doing that which is what her family wanted her to do, she told the truth so an innocent man didn’t end up in jail. Eva thought about her actions and the consequences they would have on everyone and she did the right thing. This scene goes to prove that Ms Gruwell’s teaching initiative is working. 19. Marcus’ diary entry struck me most because it’s so unfair that human beings are judged by other human beings by their skin colour when it shouldn’t be considered as a negative factor because underneath it all we’re all the same. When Clive, accidentally shot himself and he stayed by his side until the police came the assumption shouldn’t have automatically been that Marcus did it because he was black, it was so unfair especially when Marcus lost his best friend that day. Marcus’ story moved me the most because he is still searching for his freedom after being wrongfully locked up. If Marcus had never been blamed for Clive’s death and had never gone behind bars, his life could’ve been different. â€Å"Every day I worry, when will I be free?† 20. At the beginning of Freedom Writers Ms. G was full of doubts and was questioning whether she was going to be able to connect with her students, get them to listen to her, to attend every class and whether she would be a good teacher or not, but throughout the movie she earned respect, grew and was taught so much from her students and by the end of the movie she had  transformed a classroom full of racial boarders and hate into a non-judgemental, safe place where the students found hope, connected with one another and felt at home. She had found what she was supposed to do with her life. 21. In the beginning, the students of room 203 were resistant to Erin, especially Eva who hated all white people and blamed them for taking her dad away when she was 5. They were disrespectful, extremely racist and mean toward one another to the point where Ben was scared to be in the classroom. None of the teachers cared about the students or their education. They were seen as lost causes which only made them feel like lost causes, especially Jamal who thought school was a waste of time. With the guidance of Ms. G every student in the class made a transformation for the better. Eva overcame her prejudice against white people and discovered they aren’t all the same; a lot of the racial barriers were broken down within the class. All the students attitude toward their education and each other changed, they developed respect and started caring and wanting to learn. Room 203 was transformed into an accepting, tolerant, secure, place like a home where all students, especially Ben, stopped being terrified. 22. All it takes is feeling as though you have one person in your life that genuinely cares about you, supports and encourages you and takes the time to help you and is behind you every step of the way to have the power to achieve anything and everything in life regardless how many people are against you. Every raindrop raises the sea so hope must never be lost. The most significant lesson to learn from this movie is that no matter what your background may be or how different you might think you are from someone, you’re not because at the end of the day we’re all human beings and we should never forget that. 23. The students of room 203 aren’t similar to the students of our classroom because I don’t think that anyone in my class has to face the sought of problems that the students of room 203 had to. Those kinds of difficulties come from gang violence, drug or alcohol abuse or physical injustice, I don’t know everyone’s story but I don’t think that our classroom has to deal  with those struggles.